Onze huid, luchtwegen, maagdarmkanaal en urineweg zijn continu in gevecht met micro-organismen, zoals parasieten, bacteriën, schimmels en virussen. De strijd vindt plaats onder regie van ons immuunsysteem dat zich bedient van munitie-onderdelen in de vorm van nutriënten, zoals nitraat (1-3), jodium (4-6), thiocyanaat (5,7,8), selenium (6,9,10) en vitamine C (1-3,11).
Ons maag-darmkanaal staat bekend om zijn microbioom (26). Minder bekend is dat ook de borstklier (12-23), urineweg (24) en prostaat (25) hun eigen microbioom hebben. Bij ontsteking en kanker is de samenstelling van dit microbioom verstoord (12-25).
Microben dringen ons lichaam binnen via de klieren die stoffen afgeven aan onze externe omgeving: de speeksel-, zweet- en traanklieren, maar ook via de gal- en luchtwegen, longen, urineweg, alvleesklier, de vrouwelijke borst en kliertjes in het maag-darmkanaal. In hun holtes en aan- en afvoerwegen vindt het microbioom een prachtig onderkomen.
Grotendeels zijn deze microben ‘vriendelijk’ of neutraal. Maar als we ongezond eten neemt hun diversiteit af en stijgt de kans op groei van onvriendelijker soorten: de ziekteverwekkers (27,28). In een lichaam dat acuut of chronisch ontstoken is, veroorzaken microben – maar ook ons immuunsysteem – schade. Onder andere aan ons genetisch materiaal. Er ontstaat een omgeving die gevoelig is voor de ontwikkeling van kwaadaardige cellen (26). Dat de meeste tumoren ontstaan in de binnenbekleding van de bovengenoemde klieren en hun aan- en afvoerwegen naar ‘buiten’ is geen toeval. De zeer actieve ‘epitheelcellen’ in deze bekleding vormen bij kwaadaardige ontaarding een ‘carcinoom’. Deze vorm van kanker maakt 80 tot 90 procent uit van alle kanker bij de mens (28a) en vertoont een sterke relatie met lokale (chronische) infecties.
In cijfers: ontsteking van de prostaat vergroot de kans op prostaatkanker met 14 procent (35,36), een chronische darmontsteking (colitis ulcerosa, ziekte van Crohn; 35,37-39) geeft een 25 procent hogere kans op darmkanker, en ontsteking van de alvleesklier vergroot de kans op alvleesklierkanker wel tien tot twintig keer (35). Borstontsteking verhoogt het risico op borstkanker (40,41). Naar schatting is 20 procent van alle kanker gerelateerd aan chronische infecties, zoals veroorzaakt door de Helicobacter pylori bacterie (maagkanker), het humane papilloma virus (baarmoederhalskanker) en de hepatitis B- en C virussen (leverkanker) (49,51).
In de strijd tussen het immuunsysteem en de microben gaat het er op microniveau hard aan toe. Op de grens met het microbioom maken epitheelcellen reactieve radicalen die zuurstof, stikstof, jodium, zwavel of selenium bevatten (6,7,8,55-58). Hiervoor scheiden de speekselklieren zowel nitraat (61), jodide als hypojodiet (59) uit. De zweetkliertjes doen het met nitraat (64) en gooien daar een schepje vitamine C (62,63) bovenop. Vitamine C helpt in zowel ons maagdarmkanaal als onze urineweg mee met het op afstand houden van microben. Het komt het maagdarmkanaal binnen via de voeding maar ook via kliertjes in de maagwand (69,70, 71,72,73). Voor een vergelijkbaar effect in de urineweg gaat vitamine C er via de urine uit. Dat is dus nuttig en niet ‘zonde van het geld’ (74), zoals populaire criticasters beweren.
Antioxidanten, zoals glutathion, vitamines E en C, en enzymen met koper, zink, mangaan, ijzer of selenium (79) beschermen de epitheelcellen tegen hun eigen geweld.
Om de vrede met het microbioom te bewaren is het van belang om ‘welgevoed’ aan deze chemische strijd te beginnen. Dat doe je met passende hoeveelheden selenium, koper, ijzer, vitamine E en dagelijkse inname van voldoende nitraat, jodium en vitamine C (81-84). Door hun onderlinge reacties buiten de cel voorkomen ze (chronische) infectie, en beperken daarmee eventuele schade en daarmee het lokale ontstaan van kanker. Wie tekorten vermoedt, kan vandaag nog beginnen met betere voeding. Volop verse groenten en fruit (nitraat, vitamine C), en voeding uit de zee voor de broodnodige omega-3 vetzuren, jodium en selenium!
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